When staying in Jerusalem a few months back, I had a few goals in mind for my return trip to Israel. One of them was to finally visit Hebron—a city in the West Bank predominantly Palestinian. The city’s history is one of the most complex and controversial in Israel, Palestine, and the West Bank and has long been a center of strife.
The previous time I was in Israel, in 2011, I tried to visit Hebron on a tour with Breaking the Silence. They’re a left-wing peace/activist organization, but as I detailed in my previous report from South Hebron Hills, we weren’t able to visit on that particular tour because of recent conflicts.
Eager to see this hotly-contested city for me, I was invited to take a day trip with Abraham Tours. The full-day tour departs every Wednesday, and while it’s not cheap (ILS 280 — about $75), it’s definitely one of the more interesting tours I’ve been on. As the itinerary explains, Abraham Tours’ day trip to Hebron is a dual-narrative tour. The tour was founded by the group, Jerusalem Peace Makers which is also responsible for an annual “hug” that takes place around the Old City of Jerusalem each year.
Run with Israeli and Palestinian guides (from in the respective neighborhoods, and with the chance to meet locals living in Hebron from both sides of the story, the tour doesn’t try to preach to you but instead presents you with other people’s stories about Hebron’s history and life there today. The tour provides plenty of opportunities to ask questions and in fact, encourages difficult questions.
A brief introduction to Hebron’s history
Hebron is a religiously historical city. It is the site of the Tomb of the Patriarchs / Abraham Mosque, where several prophets tombs lay. For thousands of years, Hebron was a peaceful city where Jews & Arabs lived and worked together. With the first zionist waves in the late 1800s and early 20th century, the land that is today Israel & Palestine (then it was under Ottoman rule) saw hundreds of riots and clashes between the two cultures. As our tour guide explained, the trouble started when in 1929, because of the riots elsewhere in the land, the Jewish defense forces (a precursor to the Mossad) wanted to arm the Jewish civilians of Hebron. Because they lived peacefully with their Arab neighbors, they turned down the weapons and, as riots spread, eventually the riots did come to Hebron. The 1929 riots saw 67 Jews murdered, though as our guide pointed out, not every Arab was against the Jews. There are as many stories of heroes and saviors as there are terrors and tragedies.
Throughout modern history, Hebron has been the site of more controversy. Following the Oslo Accords peace treaty, Hebron was split in 1997 into two zones: H1 and H2. H1 areas of the city are under full Palestinian control and H2 areas are under Israeli control. Today there are approximately 500 Jews living in Hebron and 250,000 Palestinians.
My thoughts on Israel and Palestine have been discussed to death on this website. As always, when it comes to travel within controversial areas, I recommend talking to as many people as possible. To ask questions, read reports, read the news, talk to the people living there. The political situation surrounding Israel and Palestine is far from any easy-to-understand narrative. The best you can do is try to understand it yourself by talking to as many people as possible. The Hebron Tour I took was a quick and easy introduction to both sides of the story. And a great chance to speak directly with people who are affected by their politics every day.
Below are my photos from the tour. While I usually limit how many photos I share in a blog, I felt it necessary to show a more complete picture from my day trip, hence the 38 photos in chronological order.
Taking the public bus from Jerusalem, you’ll know from the very beginning that this is a different kind of trip. A young Yeshiva woman read some of her prayers during the bus journey, not to mention the bullet-proof windows on the outside of the bus. It’s not necessarily a dangerous trip—even during these times—but there are certainly some aspects of this journey that make it different from most.
Taking the public bus from Jerusalem means you’re entering the part of Hebron under Israeli control, rather than the larger part of the city which is under full Palestinian control (Area A). There was some construction going on near the Jewish school.
Our tour guide for the day, Eliyahu, was extremely knowledgeable and tried his best to be as objective as possible. He was very open to answering (or attempting to answer) any of our tour group’s questions. Even if I was skeptical of his objectivism at the beginning of the day, by the end he had me convinced! Throughout Hebron, barbed wire and security cameras seemed to be just about everywhere. There are 32 checkpoints and 18 military towers in Hebron.
The Hebron Skyline – can you spot the lone Palestinian flag?
The Settler Spokesperson for the Jewish Community of Hebron, David Wilder. In speaking with him, he said a few notable things: that living in Hebron is “considered a privilege” and he wants to “make sure Hebron has a Jewish presence.”
This balcony is on Shuhada Street (see below). The street is home to many Palestinian shops which have been forced to close by the IDF because of security concerns. Because of this, the street has been nicknamed Apartheid Street, though Israelis in return call it Security Street. Only tourists and Jews/Israelis are allowed on the street.
Hebron is home to countless watchtowers and surveillance booths set up by the IDF army. There are over 2,000 IDF soldiers in Hebron. Hebron is much more than the conflict. It’s also one of the most important ancient cities to the Abrahamic religions. This is the outside of the Tomb of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs. Like most religious sites in Israel, there is extensive security. Metal detectors are also programmed to adhere to strict religious laws.
The Abraham Mosque was the site of a massacre against Arabs. A lone gunmen in 1994 killed 29 people and wounded 124 others while praying in the mosque. The massacre in turn set off riots throughout Palestine which led to attacks by IDF soldiers. Like most stories heard in Hebron, there were two sides to this one as well.
My tour guide through the Palestinian parts of Hebron’s Old City, Mohammed. Working with Visit Hebron, Mohammed was a great source of information and completely willing to speak openly and personally about his life.
In the Old City’s souq (market), is an ancient bathhouse converted into a museum with archaeological discoveries. Parts of the souq in the Palestinian side of Hebron (H2 – but off-limit to Israeli settlers & civilians) were surrounded by areas under Israeli control H2. We heard stories about settlers dumping trash and throwing waste on the market below.
If posted signs were any indication of who belonged to what, things would be even more confusing than they actually are. Rubbish in the Palestinian zones of Hebron’s Old City—apparently dumped by a family living above the market on the Israeli/settler side of H2.
In H1, we had tea with Abed (originally from Iraq) who told us the story of how his pregnant wife was killed just steps away from his home. Stepping out of the Hebron Old City souq, you immediately remember that this isn’t just a city tormented by its political situation: hundreds of thousands of people live and work here. With universities and modern infrastructure, there is much more to Hebron than just the conflict.
Headed back to the H2 zone to catch our bus back to Jerusalem, it’s necessary to cross through a security checkpoint.
A final sign points out the obvious separation that divides much of the political heart of Hebron. Some areas are controlled by Israelis, some by Palestinians. Jews aren’t allowed in some areas (usually by Israeli law) and Arabs aren’t allowed in others. One of the strangest parts of our tour was when Ibrahim, our Palestinian guide, pointed out an invisible line on the street we were walking on. He wouldn’t be permitted to walk any further despite any visible sign of a line or checkpoint. That was the end of the road for him.
Israel and Palestine are strange countries. It’s a land where foreigners have more mobility than the people who actually live there.
See the original post on the following link : http://travelsofadam.com/2013/04/day-trip-hebron/